By its namesake, binary form consists of two sections: A B. These sections may contrast in terms of style, key, meter, tempo, etc.

Rounded binary form typically takes the form of A B A’, where the second A section is abbreviated.

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Ternary Form most commonly takes the form A B A, or A B A’. The B section contrasts with the A sections, just as in Binary Form, and it often ends on the dominant. Examples of Ternary Form include “Twinkle Twinkle Little Star,” and Schumann’s “Humming Song.”

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Sonata Form, also known as Sonata Allegro Form, was commonly used by classical composers in the opening movement of multi-movement works. My favorite example of this is Movement I of Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony. The three sections of Sonata Form are the Exposition (introduction of theme 1 and 2), Development (includes modulation and moves away from thematic material), and Recapitulation (themes from the exposition reemerge).

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Rondo form typically alternates between a refrain and contrasting episodes. This can take the structure of:

A B A C A: 5-part Rondo
A B A C A D A: 7-Part Rondo
A B A C A B A: 7-Part Rondo
A B A’ C A” D A”’: Variation Rondo

Final movements of concerti are typically presented in rondo form. Examples of this form are “Sleigh Ride” by Leroy Anderson, and “Raiders March” by John Williams

The most common structure of a multi-movement sonata is:

Movement I: Sonata Form,
Movement II: Binary, Ternary, or Rounded Binary
Movement III: Minuet and Trio (Compound Ternary)
Movement IV: Rondo, Sonata, or Sonata-Rondo Form